Background: Marital infidelity is an interpersonal trauma that can lead to cognitive, emotional, and behavioral symptoms in the affected person. Objective: The goal of this study was to determine the effectiveness of emotion-focused couple therapy in Insecure Attachment Styles in women and men affected by spousal infidelity. Methods: This study was quasi-experimental research with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with control group. The statistical population of this study included all men and women who were referred to counseling centers in Tehran in 2019-20 due to spousal infidelity. A total of 40 patients were randomly assigned to two groups: experimental and control, using a convenience sampling procedure. The intervention was not given to the control group. The Control group did not receive the intervention. Data were collected using an Attachment Styles questionnaire (Hazen & Shaver, 1987), and a multivariate covariance analysis test was used to eliminate the effect of pre-test using SPSS software. Results: The results demonstrated that emotion-focused couple therapy affected the scores of Insecure Attachment Styles (P<0. 01). It was also revealed that the method of training was to enrich couples' relationships with an emotion-focused approach in the follow-up phase (P<0. 01). Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of this study, it can be stated that emotion-focused couple therapy is effective in women and men affected by spousal infidelity,therefore, it can be successfully used as a therapeutic or educational method in couple therapy programs.

Introduction: Regarding the importance of investigating the relationship between Insecure Attachment Styles and Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive (ROC) symptoms, the present study aimed to predict ROC symptoms due to Insecure Attachment of the anxiety and avoidance type in the student population. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive and correlational research, the statistical population included all married students of Tehran universities in the academic year of 2022. The research instruments were the New Partner-Related Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms Inventory (PROCSI), New Relationship Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (ROCI), and Experiences in Close Relationships-Revised (ECR-R). After removing the incomplete questionnaires, the data related to 111 people (17 men and 94 women) were analyzed. Simultaneous correlation and regression methods were used to analyze the data. Results: Anxious and avoidant Insecure Attachment can predict significantly 27% of the variance of PROCSI scores (P= 0. 001). Anxious and avoidant Insecure Attachment can predict 29% of the variance of ROCI scores significantly (P= 0. 001). Avoidant and especially anxious Insecure Attachment in a meaningful model was able to predict the signs of obsession with the relationship with the spouse (P< 0. 01). Conclusion: Insecure Attachment is important in creating Relationship Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (ROCD). We found a relationship between self-perception and others-perception and symptoms of ROCD.

Introduction: Parents' Attachment Styles have many effects on children's Attachment Styles. The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining the role of the inhibitory and facilitating factors in parents' Insecure, avoidant and ambivalent Attachment Styles on the choice of children's Attachment style. Research Methods: This study was a qualitative research with a theoretical approach. The statistical population of the Research included all people aged 25 to 40 who referred to the Atiyeh Clinic in Tehran in 1400, from which 60 people were selected, and then 25 people who had the conditions to enter the research were purposefully selected as a sample. The data were collected simultaneously and analyzed using grounded theory coding method (open, axial and selective). Findings: The results showed that the influencing factors including 38 primary classes, 4 main classes and one central class were extracted in the process of explaining the Attachment Styles of parents in determining the Attachment style of children. The 4 main floors included the sliding bed of security, striving for the integration of body and soul from the path of power, the maze of the path, and the umbrella of support. Conclusion: In order to pay attention to the choice of children's Attachment style in a family with two Insecure parents, attention should be paid to the components of the sliding bed of security, striving for the integration of body and mind from the path of strength, the twists and turns of the path, and the umbrella of support.

Background and Aim: The obsessive-compulsive disorder is one of the major problems in mental health. Growth experiences such as Attachment play an important role in the formation of mental harm. This research has been designed with the aim of investigating schema therapy on Attachment Styles (secure, Insecure anxiety& Insecure avoidance) and symptoms of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, the statistical population of the patients referring to Birjand psychiatric clinic was that based on entry criteria, thirty-two persons were randomly assigned with a replacement entered studying. The data collection tool was Yale-Brown obsessive and the Hazen and Shaver Attachment style questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software (Version 22) by independent t-test, repeated measures ANOVA and Post-Hoc Bonferroni, at a significant level (P <0. 05). Results: The mean scores of post-test and fallow up in three Attachment Styles and obsessive scores in the experimental group had a significant difference with the control group (P<0. 001). In the schema group, the mean score of the two Insecure Attachment Styles (secure, Insecure anxiety& Insecure avoidance) (avoidance and anxiety) and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in the post-test had a significant decrease with the score of pre-test and the scores of secure Attachment style showed a significant increase (P<0. 001). Conclusion: According to the results, Attachment Styles especially Insecure anxiety and Insecure avoidance Attachment Styles are associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms and schema therapy through the effect of adjusted Attachment Styles can reduce the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

this study aimed to investigate the movement inclinations in children age 6 to 9 with secure and Insecure Attachment Styles. The research method was descriptive used a causal-comparative design. Participants comprised 24 male and female children aged 6 to 9 years old (including 8 children with secure Attachment, 8 children with anxious Insecure Attachment, and 8 children with avoidant Insecure Attachment) selected by convenience sampling using Middle Childhood Attachment Scale (Ronaghi, Delavar & Mazaheri, 2012). Further, Considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the movement behavior of each child during his/her activities was videotaped and scored under the supervision of a movement expert using the researcher-made observational checklist of movement qualities and observational checklist of movement dimensions (Asaseh, 2014). Data were analyzed by Chi-squared test and multivariate analysis of variance. The results showed significant differences between the movement qualities among these three groups. Furthermore, they had differences in using the spatial dimensions,anxious children are more shaped in the horizontal dimensions and avoidant children in the vertical dimensions. These findings indicated that the observed individual differences in movement patterns were significantly related to different Attachment orientations.

Introduction: The sleep quality and duration are important factors influencing physical and mental health. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between Insecure Attachment Styles and sleep problems considering the mediating role of depression and anxiety. Method: The present study was conducted with a correlational method. The study population of was female students in the second course of 11th grade in different fields of study of Tabriz city (N=9426). The sample size was 373 according to Morgan table. They were assessed by Petersburg Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI), Hazen & Shaver Adult Attachment Questionnaire, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics methods (Structural Equation Modeling: SEM). Results: The effects of avoidant and ambivalent Attachment Styles on depression, anxiety, and sleep problems were significant (beta coefficients were above 0. 30). The indirect effects of avoidant and ambivalent Attachment Styles on sleep problems through depression and anxiety were significant (beta coefficients above 0. 15). Conclusion: Results demonstrated that there were significant relationships between avoidant, ambivalent Insecure Attachment Styles and depression as well as anxiety. There was a significant relationship between depression, anxiety and sleep problems. Hence, depression and anxiety could mediate the relationship between avoidant, ambivalent Insecure Attachment Styles and sleep problems.

Authentic leaders are dedicated to achieving their goals with integrity, honesty, a strong sense of responsibility, and awareness, which builds trusting relationships with their employees. This trust boils down to numerous positive outcomes such as higher levels of thriving at work. Drawing on Attachment theory, this study mainly investigates how authentic leadership can decrease Attachment insecurity through which authentic leadership can impact their employees’ learning and vitality (i.e. two dimensions of thriving at work). This quantitative research has a deductive approach with a descriptive and correlational nature and employs a descriptive-survey methodology for data collection. Using A-priori sample size calculator for Structural Equation Models, the minimum statistical sample of the research was estimated to be 321 people. The data were collected from 330 employees of public service organizations in Kerman and Yazd through an online survey encompassing five scales with five-point Likert scales. The content and structure validities of the questionnaire were verified, and the reliability of all the scales was above the threshold of 0.7. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS, AMOS, and PROCESS Module. The results revealed that authentic leadership was negatively associated with both employees’ Attachment anxiety and Attachment avoidance. Meanwhile, these two Attachment Styles play mediating roles in determining how authentic leadership can affect employees’ learning and vitality. Notably, a leader’s authenticity, which features self-awareness, relational transparency, internalized moral perspective, and balanced processing, is more likely to reduce Attachment insecurity and thus influence their thriving at work. This research extends our understanding of authentic leadership, Attachment Styles at work, and thriving at work. Practical implications and limitations are also discussed.

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to determine the mediating role of Insecure Attachment Styles between early experienced violence and marital adjustment in married women. Method: This research was a descriptive-correlational study, in which a structural equation modeling was used to analyze a conceptual model. The statistical population of the study included all the married women referring to counseling centers in Tehran in 2017. The sample size according to the Myers et al. consisted of 206 participants who were selected by accidental sampling method. The data collection tools included measures of conflict tactics scales, dyadic adjustment and Attachment Styles. Results: Fit indices represented fitness of model with collected data. On the whole, the anxiety and avoidance and early experienced violence were able to explain marital adjustment. Also, the results showed that the direct and indirect effect of early experienced violence on marital adjustment is negative and significant (p<0. 05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the early relationship within the family environment supports a certain Attachment style and the effects of the avoidant Insecure and ambivalent Insecure Styles affect the interpersonal relations of the couples in adulthood. As Attachment Styles are contributory to marital adjustment, counselors can build a couple therapy approach to have an effective role in modifying the Attachment Styles of couples and solve their conflicts both before and after marriage.